Top 10 Web Hacking Techniques Of 2019
Top 10 Web Hacking Techniques of 2019
Web hacking is the art of finding and exploiting vulnerabilities in web applications and protocols. Web hackers use various techniques to compromise the security and functionality of websites, web servers, web browsers, and web users. In this article, we will review the top 10 web hacking techniques of 2019, based on the research published by PortSwigger, a leading web security company.
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10. Exploiting Null Byte Buffer Overflow for a $40,000 bounty
This technique was discovered by Sam Curry and his team, who found a critical buffer overflow vulnerability in Shopify's Ruby on Rails application. By sending a specially crafted request with a null byte, they were able to trigger a memory corruption error and read arbitrary data from the server's memory, including sensitive information such as API keys, passwords, and credit card numbers. They reported the bug to Shopify and received a $40,000 bounty reward.
9. Microsoft Edge (Chromium) - EoP to Potential RCE
This technique was demonstrated by Abdulrhman Alqabandi, who exploited a chain of vulnerabilities in Microsoft's new Chromium-based Edge browser (Edgium) to achieve remote code execution (RCE) on the victim's machine. He used a combination of web and binary attacks, such as cross-site scripting (XSS), cross-origin resource sharing (CORS) bypass, privilege escalation, and heap spraying, to execute malicious code in the context of a privileged origin (chrome-extension://). He earned $40,000 in bounties for his findings.
8. Abusing HTTP hop-by-hop request headers
This technique was presented by James Kettle, who showed how to abuse HTTP hop-by-hop request headers to manipulate the behavior of intermediate proxies and servers. He used headers such as Transfer-Encoding, Content-Length, Connection, and Expect to perform various attacks, such as cache poisoning, request smuggling, bypassing WAFs and firewalls, and exfiltrating data. He also released a tool called Turbo Intruder to automate these attacks.
7. Unveiling vulnerabilities in WebSocket APIs
This technique was developed by Stefano Di Paola and Michele Orrù, who analyzed the security of WebSocket APIs in popular web frameworks and libraries. They found several vulnerabilities that could lead to XSS, SQL injection, denial of service (DoS), authentication bypass, and RCE. They also released a tool called WShook to scan and exploit WebSocket endpoints.
6. Waterhole attacks
This technique was used by a sophisticated threat actor known as DarkHotel, who targeted high-profile individuals such as diplomats, executives, and researchers. They compromised legitimate websites that were frequently visited by their targets, such as news portals and government sites, and injected malicious code that redirected them to a phishing page or downloaded malware on their devices. They also used SSL certificates and domain names that resembled the original ones to evade detection.
5. Fake WAP
This technique was employed by a group of hackers who hijacked the traffic of over 200 Israeli websites by compromising their DNS records. They redirected the visitors to a fake wireless access point (WAP) page that asked them to install a security update on their routers. The update was actually a malware that gave the attackers full control over the routers and allowed them to intercept and modify the traffic of all devices connected to them.
4. Eavesdropping (Passive Attacks)
This technique was revealed by researchers from Princeton University and KU Leuven University, who discovered that third-party scripts on websites can monitor user behavior and extract personal information without their consent or knowledge. They used passive techniques such as cookie syncing, browser fingerprinting, link decoration, and tracking pixels to collect data such as browsing history, email address, name, gender, age, location, and interests. They also found that some scripts can access sensitive information such as medical conditions, credit card details, and passwords.
3. Phishing
This technique was widely used by cybercriminals and state-sponsored hackers to trick users into revealing their credentials or installing malware on their systems. They used various methods to lure their victims, such as spoofing emails from legitimate sources, creating fake websites that mimicked real ones, exploiting typosquatting domains, using homograph attacks to deceive users with similar-looking characters, and leveraging social engineering tactics to manipulate emotions.
2. XSS in GMail's AMP4Email via DOM Clobbering
This technique was discovered by Michał Bentkowski, who found a way to execute XSS in GMail's AMP4Email feature, which allows users to interact with dynamic content within emails. He used a technique called DOM clobbering, which involves defining HTML elements with names that conflict with existing properties or methods of the document object model (DOM). He was able to overwrite the innerHTML property of the document and inject arbitrary HTML and JavaScript code. He reported the bug to Google and received a $5,000 bounty reward.
1. HTTP Desync Attacks: Request Smuggling Reborn
This technique was introduced by James Kettle, who revived the long-forgotten technique of HTTP request smuggling to perform various attacks on web applications and users. He used a technique called HTTP desync, which exploits the discrepancy between how different HTTP devices process the same request. He was able to hijack HTTP responses, poison web caches, steal credentials and cookies, bypass authentication and authorization, and compromise PayPal's login page twice. He earned over $90,000 in bounties for his findings.
Conclusion
These are some of the most innovative and impactful web hacking techniques of 2019, as selected by a panel of experts from PortSwigger. They demonstrate the creativity and skills of web hackers, as well as the challenges and risks faced by web developers and users. They also provide valuable insights and lessons for aspiring researchers, pentesters, bug bounty hunters, and anyone else interested in web security.
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